Gmail Superstars with Gmail.gem
I've been using the Gmail.gem to pull email counts in a Personal Dashboard for a couple years. And, in Gmail, I use Superstars, which are flags you can toggle through on an email. I was disappointed not to be able to filter Superstars through the email.
A recent Stack Overflow article pointed me in the right direction.
I use Gmail Superstars, which enables additional flags where the standard yellow-star is used. Below, you can see the red-bang and green-check.
How I Use Superstars
I use red-bang for emails I need to respond to.
I use the orange-guillemet for emails that I'm awaiting a response on.
I use the green-check for emails I have completed. (Though, most of the time I just archive things as I complete them).
And, I use the yellow-star for informational items, sorta like a bookmark.

Searching for GMail Superstars
Superstars labels are searchable through the Gmail interface using 2 syntaxes.
has:yellow-starorl:^ss_syhas:blue-starorl:^ss_sbhas:red-starorl:^ss_srhas:orange-starorl:^ss_sohas:green-starorl:^ss_sghas:purple-starorl:^ss_sphas:red-bangorl:^ss_crhas:yellow-bangorl:^ss_cyhas:blue-infoorl:^ss_cbhas:orange-guillemetorl:^ss_cohas:green-checkorl:^ss_cghas:purple-questionorl:^ss_cp
Superstars and the Gmail.gem
So, using the Gmail .gem, I was delighted to find I can access these specific counts. Here's how:
gmail = Gmail.connect(@email_address, @password)
@red_banged_emails = gmail.inbox.emails(gm: '"l:^ss_cr"')
Or, as I use them
@starred = gmail.inbox.emails(gm: '"l:^ss_cy"')
@requires_my_follow_up = gmail.inbox.emails(gm: '"l:^ss_cr"')
@requires_a_response_from_somebody_else = gmail.inbox.emails(gm: '"l:^ss_co"')
Thanks to Google and Stack Overflow for persisting this knowledge!